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Mountain lions are included as a 'Species of Greatest Conservation Need' in Texas and ranked between Imperiled and Vulnerable. While they are not listed as an endangered species, there is concern over the sustainability of the remaining populations.

Historically found across Texas, breeding populations are now only found in South and West Texas. Research has been conducted on both populations with concerning results. During a study of 16 cats in the protected landscape of Big Bend Ranch State Park, one was shot and all of the remaining 15 were killed in leghold traps when they traveled onto private lands. Another study in the Davis Mountains recorded a nearly 50% annual mortality, almost entirely due to trapping. In South Texas, a study of 22 mountain lions in the 1990s also recorded high mortality due to hunting and trapping. Further, genetic research has shown that the South Texas population has declined and is isolated from the population in West Texas.

Anecdotal observations across Texas vary widely.  Observations in some parts of the state have increased (possibly due to an increase in trail cameras) whereas observations in other regions that recently had lions are now nonexistent.  Harvest reporting and additional research will be crucial in increasing our understanding of distribution and population size.

In a recent survey on Texan attitudes towards mountain lions, 70% of respondents agreed that efforts should be made to ensure the survival of mountain lions in Texas.

Of all 16 states with breeding mountain lion populations, Texas is the only state without a mountain lion management plan. This current effort to push for management of mountain lions is supported by a majority of Texans. We strongly believe our policies can be advocated while respecting the ranching and hunting heritage that is the foundation for wildlife conservation in Texas.

Mountain lions bolster biodiversity, and support healthier ecosystems and human communities via their effects on their prey and other carnivores. They are large, solitary cats that weigh 70 - 170 lbs in Texas, where they primarily feed on deer. Mountain lions, however, are a controversial species, because they pose real and perceived risks to pets, livestock and occasionally people. These risks are very small and can be further reduced by taking precautions when recreating outside and protecting our livestock. Today, Texas represents approximately 7% of mountain lion range in the USA.

On June 13, 2022, Texans for Mountain Lions submitted a Petition for Rulemaking for the Research and Management of Mountain Lions in Texas to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and Commission. Read the full petition here.
UPDATE: On May 23, 2024, the Texas Parks and Wildlife Commission adopted rules supporting some of these petition items. Read more about this historic ruling here.